One of the advantages of Debian operating system is the ability to live update a production server from current to next release. Under normal circumstances you do not have to re-setup the system. So you avoid downtime, something critical for server systems.
There are possibilities this procedure to fail, so you must take a full system backup before.
The same procedure can be applied to desktop machines. There is more complexity in this case, due to graphical desktop environment.
Here I describe a successful upgrade of a Debian LAMP server system from Squeeze to Wheezy.
1. Backup your system
Take a full system backup.
2. Perform a full system update
Use:
apt-get update && apt-get -V upgrade
3. Change repositories
Replace “squeeze” with “wheezy” in /etc/apt/sources.list, for example
deb http://ftp.gr.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib deb-src http://ftp.gr.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free # wheezy-updates, previously known as 'volatile' deb http://ftp.gr.debian.org/debian/ squeeze-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.gr.debian.org/debian/ squeeze-updates main contrib non-free # webmin deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib deb http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository sarge contrib
will become
deb http://ftp.gr.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main non-free contrib deb-src http://ftp.gr.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main non-free contrib deb http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free # wheezy-updates, previously known as 'volatile' deb http://ftp.gr.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.gr.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-updates main contrib non-free # webmin deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib deb http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository sarge contrib
4. Update package list
Use:
apt-get update
5. Update minimal system
Use:
apt-get upgrade
The result will be something like this:
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages have been kept back: apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common apt apt-utils aptitude base-files bash bind9-host binutils bsdmainutils bzip2 ca-certificates console-setup coreutils cpp cpp-4.4 curl dmsetup dnsutils dpkg e2fslibs e2fsprogs exim4 exim4-base exim4-daemon-light file fwsnort g++ g++-4.4 gcc gcc-4.4 gcc-4.4-base gettext-base git grub-common grub-pc heirloom-mailx htop ifupdown info initramfs-tools initscripts iproute iptables iputils-ping keyboard-configuration klibc-utils less libacl1 libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libapache-mod-security libapache2-mod-php5 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap libapt-pkg-perl libattr1 libauthen-pam-perl libbit-vector-perl libblkid1 libbsd0 libbz2-1.0 libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libc6-i386 libcap2 libclamav6 libcomerr2 libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls libcwidget3 libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libdevmapper1.02.1 libedit2 libexpat1 libfreetype6 libgcc1 libgcrypt11 libgdbm3 libglib2.0-0 libgnutls26 libgomp1 libgpg-error0 libgpgme11 libgpm2 libgssapi-krb5-2 libgssglue1 libgssrpc4 libhtml-parser-perl libidn11 libio-pty-perl libiptables-chainmgr-perl libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1 libklibc libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 liblocale-gettext-perl liblockfile1 libltdl7 liblua5.1-0 liblzo2-2 libmagic1 libmpfr4 libncurses5 libncursesw5 libnet-ssleay-perl libnewt0.52 libnfsidmap2 libpam-modules libpam0g libpcap0.8 libpci3 libpcre3 libpkcs11-helper1 libpopt0 libreadline5 libreadline6 librpcsecgss3 libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libselinux1 libsepol1 libsigc++-2.0-0c2a libslang2 libsqlite3-0 libss2 libssh2-1 libstdc++6 libstdc++6-4.4-dev libtasn1-3 libtext-charwidth-perl libtext-iconv-perl libudev0 libunix-syslog-perl libusb-0.1-4 libuuid-perl libuuid1 libwrap0 libwww-perl libxapian22 libxml2 libyaml-syck-perl linux-image-2.6-amd64 locales lsb-release man-db mc module-init-tools mount mutt mysql-common mysql-server nano ncurses-bin netbase nfs-common nmap ntp openssh-client openssh-server openssl openvpn passwd pciutils perl perl-base perl-modules php5 php5-adodb php5-cli php5-common php5-mysql php5-tidy procps psad psmisc python python-apt python-minimal python-reportbug python2.6 python2.6-minimal reportbug resolvconf rsync rsyslog s3cmd screen sgml-base sysvinit tasksel trickle udev util-linux vim-common vim-tiny w3m wget whiptail xml-core xz-utils zlib1g The following packages will be upgraded: acpi acpi-support-base acpid adduser apt-listchanges apt-show-versions apticron at awstats base-passwd bash-completion bc bsdutils busybox chkrootkit clamav clamav-base clamav-freshclam cpio cpulimit cron dash dc dctrl-tools debconf debconf-i18n debian-archive-keyring debian-faq debian-goodies debianutils diffutils discover dmidecode doc-debian dpkg-dev eject exim4-config fail2ban fakeroot findutils firmware-bnx2 ftp geoip-database git-core gnupg gpgv grep groff-base gzip host hostname insserv install-info installation-report isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common iso-codes john john-data kbd libapr1 libdate-calc-perl libdate-manip-perl libdiscover2 libdpkg-perl libgc1c2 libgeoip1 libglib2.0-data libhtml-format-perl libhtml-template-perl libhtml-tree-perl libiptables-parse-perl libmailtools-perl libnet-daemon-perl libnfnetlink0 libopts25 libpam-runtime libqdbm14 libtidy-0.99-0 libtommath0 liburi-perl linux-base linux-libc-dev login logrotate logwatch lsb-base lsof m4 make manpages manpages-dev mawk mime-support mlocate ncurses-base ncurses-term net-tools netcat-traditional nikto oinkmaster openssh-blacklist openssl-blacklist openvpn-blacklist os-prober p7zip-full patch php-gettext procmail python-apt-common python-central python-support readline-common rkhunter sed sensible-utils shared-mime-info snort-rules-default ssl-cert sudo sysv-rc sysvinit-utils tar tasksel-data tcpd texinfo tiger time traceroute tzdata ucf unhide update-inetd update-notifier-common wamerican whois xinetd xkb-data 138 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 210 not upgraded. Need to get 54.4 MB of archives. After this operation, 16.7 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
6. Update the rest system
Use:
apt-get dist-upgrade
The result will be something like this:
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: console-terminus libept1 mod-security-common mysql-client-5.1 mysql-server-5.1 mysql-server-core-5.1 php5-suhosin portmap The following NEW packages will be installed: aptitude-common console-setup-linux cpp-4.7 dbus firmware-linux-free fontconfig fontconfig-config fonts-droid fonts-liberation g++-4.7 gcc-4.7 gcc-4.7-base ghostscript git-man gnuplot gnuplot-nox groff grub-pc-bin grub2-common gsfonts hicolor-icon-theme imagemagick imagemagick-common kmod krb5-locales libaio1 libapache2-modsecurity libapt-inst1.5 libapt-pkg4.12 libasprintf0c2 libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libbind9-80 libblas3 libblas3gf libboost-iostreams1.49.0 libcairo2 libclass-isa-perl libcroco3 libcups2 libcupsimage2 libdatrie1 libdb5.1 libdbus-1-3 libdjvulibre-text libdjvulibre21 libdns88 libencode-locale-perl libept1.4.12 libevent-2.0-5 libexiv2-12 libffi5 libfile-listing-perl libfontconfig1 libfuse2 libgd2-noxpm libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libgfortran3 libgmp10 libgs9 libgs9-common libhtml-form-perl libhttp-cookies-perl libhttp-daemon-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libhttp-negotiate-perl libice6 libijs-0.35 libilmbase6 libio-socket-ip-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl libisc84 libisccc80 libisccfg82 libitm1 libjasper1 libjbig0 libjbig2dec0 libjpeg8 libkmod2 liblcms1 liblcms2-2 liblensfun-data liblensfun0 liblinear-tools liblinear1 liblockfile-bin liblqr-1-0 liblwp-mediatypes-perl liblwp-protocol-https-perl liblwres80 liblzma5 libmagickcore5 libmagickcore5-extra libmagickwand5 libmount1 libmpc2 libmysqlclient18 libnet-http-perl libnet-ip-perl libnetaddr-ip-perl libnetpbm10 libopenexr6 libp11-kit0 libpam-modules-bin libpango1.0-0 libpaper-utils libpaper1 libpipeline1 libpixman-1-0 libpng12-0 libprocps0 libquadmath0 librsvg2-2 librsvg2-common librtmp0 libsemanage-common libsemanage1 libsm6 libsocket-perl libsocket6-perl libssl1.0.0 libstdc++6-4.7-dev libsvm-tools libswitch-perl libsystemd-login0 libthai-data libthai0 libtiff4 libtinfo5 libtirpc1 libtokyocabinet9 libustr-1.0-1 libwmf0.2-7 libwww-robotrules-perl libx11-6 libx11-data libxau6 libxaw7 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxext6 libxft2 libxmu6 libxpm4 libxrender1 libxt6 linux-image-3.2.0-4-amd64 linux-image-amd64 mc-data modsecurity-crs multiarch-support mysql-client-5.5 mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server-core-5.5 netpbm poppler-data psutils python-chardet python-debian python-debianbts python-fpconst python-soappy python2.7 python2.7-minimal rpcbind ttf-dejavu-core ufraw-batch unzip x11-common The following packages will be upgraded: apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common apt apt-utils aptitude base-files bash bind9-host binutils bsdmainutils bzip2 ca-certificates console-setup coreutils cpp cpp-4.4 curl dmsetup dnsutils dpkg e2fslibs e2fsprogs exim4 exim4-base exim4-daemon-light file fwsnort g++ g++-4.4 gcc gcc-4.4 gcc-4.4-base gettext-base git grub-common grub-pc heirloom-mailx htop ifupdown info initramfs-tools initscripts iproute iptables iputils-ping keyboard-configuration klibc-utils less libacl1 libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libapache-mod-security libapache2-mod-php5 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap libapt-pkg-perl libattr1 libauthen-pam-perl libbit-vector-perl libblkid1 libbsd0 libbz2-1.0 libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libc6-i386 libcap2 libclamav6 libcomerr2 libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls libcwidget3 libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libdevmapper1.02.1 libedit2 libexpat1 libfreetype6 libgcc1 libgcrypt11 libgdbm3 libglib2.0-0 libgnutls26 libgomp1 libgpg-error0 libgpgme11 libgpm2 libgssapi-krb5-2 libgssglue1 libgssrpc4 libhtml-parser-perl libidn11 libio-pty-perl libiptables-chainmgr-perl libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1 libklibc libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 liblocale-gettext-perl liblockfile1 libltdl7 liblua5.1-0 liblzo2-2 libmagic1 libmpfr4 libncurses5 libncursesw5 libnet-ssleay-perl libnewt0.52 libnfsidmap2 libpam-modules libpam0g libpcap0.8 libpci3 libpcre3 libpkcs11-helper1 libpopt0 libreadline5 libreadline6 librpcsecgss3 libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libselinux1 libsepol1 libsigc++-2.0-0c2a libslang2 libsqlite3-0 libss2 libssh2-1 libstdc++6 libstdc++6-4.4-dev libtasn1-3 libtext-charwidth-perl libtext-iconv-perl libudev0 libunix-syslog-perl libusb-0.1-4 libuuid-perl libuuid1 libwrap0 libwww-perl libxapian22 libxml2 libyaml-syck-perl linux-image-2.6-amd64 locales lsb-release man-db mc module-init-tools mount mutt mysql-common mysql-server nano ncurses-bin netbase nfs-common nmap ntp openssh-client openssh-server openssl openvpn passwd pciutils perl perl-base perl-modules php5 php5-adodb php5-cli php5-common php5-mysql php5-tidy procps psad psmisc python python-apt python-minimal python-reportbug python2.6 python2.6-minimal reportbug resolvconf rsync rsyslog s3cmd screen sgml-base sysvinit tasksel trickle udev util-linux vim-common vim-tiny w3m wget whiptail xml-core xz-utils zlib1g 210 upgraded, 175 newly installed, 8 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 240 MB of archives. After this operation, 352 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
7. Reboot
Use:
reboot
8. Check new system
Check new release:
lsb_release -a
The result must be something like this:
No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Debian Description: Debian GNU/Linux 7.0 (wheezy) Release: 7.0 Codename: wheezy
Check new kernel:
uname -a
The result must be something like this:
Linux mos.medisign.gr 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.41-2+deb7u2 x86_64 GNU/Linux
If kernel has been not upgraded, check your current kernel, using
dpkg -l | grep linux-image
The more likely it is to have 2.6 kernel, so, in a 64bit system give the following command:
apt-get install linux-image-2.6-amd64
The result must be something like this:
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: firmware-linux-free linux-image-3.2.0-4-amd64 linux-image-amd64 Suggested packages: linux-doc-3.2 debian-kernel-handbook The following NEW packages will be installed: firmware-linux-free linux-image-2.6-amd64 linux-image-3.2.0-4-amd64 linux-image-amd64 0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 23.4 MB of archives. After this operation, 108 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
In a 32bit system
apt-get install linux-image-2.6-686
9. Install systemd (optional)
Use:
apt-get install systemd
Update grub and reboot
nano /etc/default/grub
Modify GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT adding init=/bin/systemd
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="nomodeset init=/bin/systemd"
Finally
update-grub && reboot
Summary
Here is a summary of the steps to upgrade Squeeze to Wheezy:
- Backup your system
- Full system update
apt-get update && apt-get -V upgrade - Replace “squeeze” with “wheezy” in
/etc/apt/sources.list and update repositories
apt-get update - Minimal system upgrade
apt-get upgrade - Rest system upgrade
apt-get dist-upgrade - Reboot
- Check new release
lsb_release -aand new kerneluname -a
Entrepreneur | Full stack developer | Founder of MediSign Ltd. I have over 15 years of professional experience designing and developing web applications. I am also very experienced in managing (web) projects.
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